HDT Testing

Heat Deflection Temperature

Determine the maximum temperature your plastic can withstand under load. Critical for parts that must maintain dimensional stability in elevated temperature applications.

What is HDT?

Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT), also known as Heat Distortion Temperature, is the temperature at which a polymer sample deforms a specified amount under a defined load. This standardized test (ASTM D648 / ISO 75) is one of the most important specifications for thermoplastics used in structural or load-bearing applications.

HDT provides a practical measure of a material's short-term heat resistance under load. Unlike melting point or glass transition temperature, HDT simulates real-world conditions where parts must support weight or resist deformation while exposed to elevated temperatures.

Important Note: HDT is not the same as continuous use temperature or long-term heat aging resistance. It's a short-term deflection test that helps rank materials and predict performance in specific loading scenarios.

📏 Standard Test Conditions

Tested at two common stress levels: 0.45 MPa (66 psi) and 1.82 MPa (264 psi), allowing comparison across materials and applications.

🎯 Application Guidance

Helps determine if a material can handle your application's temperature requirements while maintaining dimensional stability.

🔄 Material Comparison

Enables quick comparison between different grades, formulations, and competing materials for material selection.

✅ Quality Assurance

Verify that incoming materials meet HDT specifications and detect batch-to-batch variations in heat resistance.

What HDT Testing Reveals

Heat Resistance Under Load

HDT tells you the maximum temperature at which your part will maintain its shape under a specified load. This is critical for:

  • Automotive under-hood components
  • Electrical housings near heat sources
  • Structural parts in warm environments
  • Consumer products exposed to heat

Material Performance Ranking

HDT allows you to compare materials on an apples-to-apples basis:

  • Standard vs. heat-stabilized grades
  • Glass-filled vs. unfilled polymers
  • Different resin families (PA vs. PP vs. PC)
  • Formulation optimization results

Common Applications

Material Selection

When designing a new product, HDT is often the first thermal property engineers check. If your part needs to function at 120°C, you need a material with an HDT significantly higher than that. HDT testing helps you quickly eliminate unsuitable materials and focus on viable candidates.

Formulation Development

Developing heat-resistant formulations? HDT testing shows how glass fiber content, mineral fillers, heat stabilizers, and other additives impact high-temperature performance. Optimize your formulation to achieve target HDT values while balancing cost and processability.

Quality Control & Specification Compliance

Many applications require materials to meet minimum HDT specifications. Regular HDT testing ensures your incoming materials meet these requirements and that your manufacturing process doesn't degrade thermal performance. Catch problems before parts fail in the field.

Competitive Benchmarking

Wondering how your material stacks up against the competition? HDT testing of competitor parts reveals their heat resistance and helps you understand if you need to reformulate to remain competitive.

Failure Investigation

When parts warp, sag, or deform in service, HDT testing can reveal if the root cause is insufficient heat resistance. Compare the HDT of failed parts to good parts and to the original material specification to identify the problem.

Understanding HDT Results

Two Standard Test Loads

HDT is typically measured at two different stress levels, each providing different insights:

0.45 MPa (66 psi)

The lower stress condition, used for applications with minimal load or stress. Provides a higher temperature value and is often cited in material datasheets as the primary HDT specification.

1.82 MPa (264 psi)

The higher stress condition, more representative of load-bearing applications. Results in lower temperature values but better predicts real-world performance under stress.

Factors That Affect HDT

Why Choose Our Lab for HDT Testing?

ASTM D648 / ISO 75 Certified

We follow standardized testing protocols ensuring your results are accurate, repeatable, and comparable to industry data.

Expert Interpretation

We don't just report numbers—we explain what your HDT values mean for your specific application and recommend solutions if improvements are needed.

Comprehensive Analysis

We combine HDT with DSC, TGA, and mechanical testing to provide complete thermal and mechanical characterization of your materials.

Fast Turnaround

Quick testing and reporting so you can make timely decisions about material selection, formulation changes, or quality issues.

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